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Measurement
Capabilities
In each of the
labs, state-of-the-art experimental diagnostics exist to measure
changes in condensed matter under dynamic and static high pressure,
and nonlinear wave propagation. |
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Time-resolved
Continuum Measurements
The equation of state (EOS) and the evolution of propagating shock
waves of materials are studies by measuring stress, strain, and
particle velocity. In-situ gauges enable the study of longitudinal,
lateral, and shear waves and velocity interferometry is used to
study wave profiles and heterogeneous material responses.
Equipment
for interferometry measurements includes:
- Single, multipoint,
and line imaging VISAR’s capable of subnanosecond time resolution
In-situ gauge
measurement capabilities:
- EMV Gauges
– particle velocity measurements
- Piezoelectric
gauges – stress measurements
- Piezoresistance
gauges – strain measurements
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Particle
Velocity Measured on a Single-line VISAR |
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High
Speed Imaging
A high speed framing camera with nanosecond exposure times is used
to directly image changes in materials with resolution adequate
to study mesoscale phenomena (tens of microns). For example, time-resolved
images of shock-induced freezing of water, phase changes in KCl,
and the fracture of ceramics have been captured using the framing
camera. |
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High Speed
Framing Camera: Shock Induced Freezing of Water |
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X-Ray
Diffraction Under Shock Compression Measurements
X-ray Diffraction provides information about crystal lattice structure.
For example, inelastic deformation in LiF and shock-induced polymorphic
phase transformations in KCl have been studied.
Equipment
available includes:
- Pulse x-ray
source
- X-ray streak
camera
- ICCD camera
- Direct x-ray
detection CCD camera
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X-ray Diffraction
Streak Camera Data |
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Time-resolved
Optical Spectroscopy
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Absorption,
Emission, and Reflection Spectroscopies provide information
about the electronic state of molecules. For example, ruby luminescence
under shock loading and shock-induced chemical reactions in
liquids and molecular crystals have been studied. |
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Vibrational
(Raman) Spectroscopy provides information about vibrations in
molecules. Shock-induced changes to organic liquids and crystalline
solids have been studied. |
Equipment
available includes:
- Electronic
streak cameras with nanosecond and picosecond time resolution
- Large format,
high sensitivity CCD detectors
- High throughput
imaging spectrometers and high spectral resolution spectrometers
- Nd:YAG pumped
dye laser with SHG and THG
- AR-ion lasers
- Long pulse
flashlamp pumped dye lasers
- Xenon flash
lamps
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Optical Spectroscopy
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Impulsive
Stimulated Thermal Scattering (ISTS) Measurements
These measurements provide information about the acoustical and
thermal transport properties of materials. ISTS capabilities are
being developed to measure elastic constants and thermal conductivity
under both dynamic and static high pressure conditions.
Static
High Pressure Measurements
Equipment available in the Static High Pressure Laboratory includes:
- UV-VIS spectrophotometer
- Microscopes
with digital recording
- Cryogenic systems
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